The Q-Box CO650 Plant CO₂ Analysis Package may be used to measure photosynthesis, respiration and photorespiration in attached or detached leaves maintained in a leaf chamber attached to an open flow gas exchange system.

Operation of the Q-Box CO650 involves the use of an infrared CO2 gas analyzer (Q-S151) to measure, at different times, the concentration of CO2 in a gas entering a leaf chamber, and the concentration of CO2 in the same gas after it leaves the chamber. Measurement of the difference between influx and efflux CO2 concentration (differential CO2) and measurement of the flow of gas through the chamber, allow calculation of photosynthetic CO2 fixation rate.  The method can also be used to measure CO2 evolution from the leaf in the dark (dark respiration) or in the light (photorespiration).

The Q-Box CO650 includes a Humidity/Temperature sensor (Q-S161) which measures relative humidity of the air before and after it has passed through the leaf chamber, and the temperature of the air at the RH sensor.  The RH differential between influx and efflux air, the air temperature, and the flow rate through the leaf chamber, allow calculation of leaf transpiration rates.

An LED Light Source (A113) supplies photosynthetically active radiation to the leaf with minimum heat load.  The LED light source can deliver approximately 1400 µmol photons/m2/s at maximum output.
For calculations of leaf conductance, leaf temperature measurements are required.  An optional S171 Leaf Thermistor can be added to the package and fitted in the bottom portion of the leaf chamber for measurements of leaf temperature during experiments.  If S171 is not included an assumption that the leaf temperature is the same as air temperature can be made.
Analog signals from all of the sensors are converted to digital signals via two integrated LabQuest mini interfaces (6 channels).  Data is displayed, recorded and manipulated on a PC or Macintosh computer using Logger Pro software.

The Q-Box CO650 Plant CO2 Analysis Package contains:

• Q-A101 laboratory stand (free standing or integrated into Q-Box)
• A113 LED Light Source
• Q-P651 Gas pump (4L/min no load)
• G112 Flow Through Leaf Chamber
• G122 Large Gas Bags (2)
• Q-G266 Flow Monitor (0-1L/min)
• Q-S151 CO2 Analyzer (0-2000ppm) (Includes CO2 and H2O scrubbers)
• Q-S161 RH/temperature sensor
• C610 two integrated LabQuest Mini data interfaces 
• C901 Logger Pro Software
• C404 Customized Setup Software
• Q-Box Accessory Kit
• Rugged Water-proof case housing the sensors and analyzers
• Manual
• individual power supplies for stand alone use of the sensors and analyzers

optional components:

• S171 Leaf chamber thermistor (for leaf conductance calculations)
• A248 Battery pack and charger (for field use)

Sample of data from a detached leaf:

Q-Box CO650 software provides a calculation template page so photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, leaf conductance can be easily determined.

Contact Qubit for more information on Q-Box CO650 package.

The Q-Box SR1LP Soil Respiration Package provides the user with all of the materials required to measure soil respiration using an open-flow gas exchange system when the rate of respiration is high, or as a closed-flow recirculation system when the rate of respiration is low.  The Battery Pack and Charger allow the use of the package in the field conditions.  Air is pumped at a known flow rate through the soil chamber and sensors.  The concentration of CO2 in the air is determined using the Q-S151 CO2 Analyzer.   In the open-flow system the difference in CO2 concentration entering the flow through the cuvette holding the soil sample and exiting it is used to calculate the rate of respiration.  In a closed-flow system the initial rate of CO2 accumulation in the soil chamber (placed on top of the soil surface) is used to determine the rate of respiration. 

 In addition to soil respiration Q-Box SR1LP package allows measurements of soil temperature with the S132 temperature probe and water loss from the soil with the S161 Temperature/Relative Humidity sensor.  The flow through the system is monitored by the Q-G266 Flow Monitor.  The Analog signals from all of the sensors and analyzers are converted to digital signals via two integrated LabQuest mini interfaces (6 channels).  Data is displayed, recorded and manipulated on a PC or Macintosh computer using Logger Pro software.

The Q-Box SR1LP Soil Respiration Package includes:

• Q-P651 Gas Pump (!L/min no load)
• G180 Soil Chamber with collar (10.2cm x 20cm high)
• G115 Flow Through Chamber (3.8 x 20cm)
• Q-S151 CO2 Analyzer (0-2000 ppm) (Includes CO2 and H2O scrubbers)
• S132 Temperature Probe
• Q-S161 RH/Temperature Sensor
• Q-G266 Flow Monitor (0-1L/min)
• G122 Gas Bags Large (30L x 2)
• A248 Battery Pack and Charger
• C610 Two integrated LabQuest Mini interfaces
• C901 Logger Pro Software
• C404 Customized Setup Software
• Q-Box Accessory Kit
• Rugged water proof case housing all sensors and analyzers
• Manual
• individual power supplies for stand alone use of analyzers and sensors

Sample soil respiration data from a closed-flow system:

Q-Box SR1LP software provides calculation templated for determination of soil respiration rates.

There are many other potential applications for Q-Box SR1LP package both in open flow and closed gas exchange systems.  For example, it can be used to measure CO2 exchange from any organism or sample maintained in a flow-through chamber.  In addition, it can be used to examine respiration or fermentation in aqueous suspensions when air or N2 is bubbled through the suspension and the outflow gas is analyzed using the CO2 Analyzer.  Provided that CO2 production rates are in the correct range, the package can be used to measure CO2 production of virtually any biological system. For more information on Q-Box SR1LP package please contact Qubit.

The PH1LP Photosynthesis teaching Package may be used to measure photosynthesis in attached or detached leaves maintained in a sealed leaf chamber. O2 is produced by the light reactions of photosynthesis causing an accumulation of O2 in the chamber, which is measured by a gas phase O2 sensor. The rate at which O2 concentration in the chamber increases provides a measurement of the rate of photosynthesis.

The PH1LP Photosynthesis Package includes everything you require to conduct numerous experiments investigating photosynthetic physiology in a teaching laboratory. You supply only the computer and the plant! Equipment specifications and experimental designs are fully documented in an Instructor’s Manual. A separate Student’s Manual guides undergraduates through experimental protocols and data handling. Minimal set-up time is required and experiments are easy to perform.

The PH1LP Package Includes:

• A101 Laboratory Stand
• A102 Accessories Bracket
• A111 Halogen Light Source
• A112 Voltage Regulator
• A211 Leaf Chamber Accessories Kit
• G111 Leaf Chamber
• G121 Small Gas Bags
• G123 12 Straws
• S101 Diffusion Based O2 Sensor
• S141 Light Sensor
• C410 LabPro Interface
• C901 Logger Pro Software
• C404 Customized Setup Software
• Instructor’s and Student’s Manuals

Photosynthesis requires both light and CO2. In the PH1LP Photosynthesis Package, light is provided by a halogen light source (A111), the intensity of which, may be varied by a sliding dimmer control (A112) . The amount of light passing through the leaf is measured by a photosensor (S141) placed beneath the transparent leaf chamber. CO2 is supplied from a gas bag (G121), which the user inflates with exhaled breath, the breath providing sufficient CO2 (usually about 3%) to saturate photosynthesis. The concentration of CO2 in the chamber declines as it is fixed in photosynthesis, and its rate of fixation is directly related to the rate of O2 production. Eventually, the CO2 concentration declines to a level that will not support net fixation, and O2 production ceases as a consequence. At this point (the CO2 compensation point) the O2 concentration in the chamber remains stable unless processes are activated that inhibit photosynthesis or stimulate respiratory O2 consumption.

The photosynthesis package is best used to measure photosynthetic O2 production under CO2-saturated conditions, and the experiments described in the manuals reflect its capability under these optimal conditions. However, there is great scope for measuring the effects on photosynthesis of other environmental parameters such as light quantity and quality. In addition, plants may be pre-treated in various ways that affect their photosynthetic rate and the effects of these treatments may be measured under conditions of both CO2 and light saturation.

The photosynthesis package may also be used to measure leaf respiration. If the flux of light to the leaf chamber is maintained below the light compensation point, respiratory O2 consumption will exceed photosynthetic O2 evolution, and the O2 concentration in the chamber will decline. The O2 sensor is able to measure this decline in O2 concentration, and the rate of decline provides a measurement of leaf “dark respiration”.

Applications

The Photosynthesis Package is suitable for use in both entry-level undergraduate courses and in research-based upper level courses. The Instructor’s Manual provides step-by-step protocols for each experiment. It includes suggested variations to make experiments more or less challenging.

Experiments Include:

• Photosynthetic rate
• Light compensation point
• Light saturation point
• Photochemical efficiency
• Wavelength dependence of photosynthesis
• Temperature effects on photosynthesis
• Photoinhibition
• CO2 limitation of photosynthesis
• Comparison of sun and shade plants
• Comparison of C3 and C4 species

A leaf is enclosed in a transparent chamber incorporating a sensor that measures photosynthetic O2 evolution. Calibration of the O2 sensor requires only that its output be adjusted to read atmospheric O2 level (20.9%). The student fills a gas bag with exhaled air (approximately 17% O2 and 3% CO2) which is then pumped through the chamber. The chamber is then sealed and the leaf illuminated with a halogen light source. Chamber O2 concentration increases as photosynthesis progresses.

Light level may be varied using a voltage regulator control. The light level used in the experiment is monitored by a light sensor situated beneath the leaf chamber. Light sensor output is given in µmol quanta/m²/s and no calibration is required. Analog outputs from both the O2 sensor and the light sensor are converted to digital signals by a LabPro Interface. They are recorded and displayed to the screen using Logger Pro data-acquisition software. The software is also used for subsequent data analysis.

In the following graph, the derivative of O2 concentration against time has been calculated to produce a data set representing photosynthetic rate (%O2 increase per minute). This derivative has been plotted against irradiance to generate a photosynthetic light response curve.

Dr. Steven Spilatro of Marietta College, Marietta, Ohio, has put together a great Photosynthesis Investigation Study Guide. It is definitely worth a look!

The Q-Box RP1LP Low Range Respiration Package provides the user with all of the materials required to measure the metabolic rate of small animals such as mammals, reptiles, amphibians, insects and other invertebrates in an open-flow or closed-flow gas exchange system.  The Package can even be used for measurements of CO2 and O2 exchange in colonies of fungi and microorganisms.  Open flow measurements are used for measurements of larger, or more metabolically active samples, whereas for measurements of very small changes in pO2 the system is used in a closed-flow configuration in which gases are re-circulated through the system and cumulative O2 consumption is measured over time.

The concentration of CO2 and O2 in the gas that is supplied to the animal chamber or flask is determined using the Q-S151 infrared CO2 gas analyzer and the fuel cell Q-S102 O2 Analyzer.  The gas is pumped at a known flow rate (adjusted by the Q-P651 Gas Pump and Q-G265 Flow Monitor) through the chamber containing the subject material.  The concentration of CO2 and O2 in the outflow gas is determined using the Q-S151 CO2 Analyzer and Q-S102 O2 Analyzer.  Analog signals from all of the sensors are converted to digital signals via two integrated interfaces (6 available channels).  Data are displayed, recorded and manipulated on a PC or Macintosh computer using Logger Pro software. Changes in the concentrations of CO2 and O2 in the outflow gas can be monitored in real time.  Metabolic rate can be calculated from the change in O2 and CO2 and the flow rate.

The Q-Box RP1LP also includes a temperature sensor (S132) which can be placed in the animal chamber to allow investigations into the effect of temperature on metabolic rate, and to correct metabolic rates measured at different temperatures to a standard temperature, assuming a given Q10.

The Q-Box RP1LP Package can be used to investigate animal metabolic responses to exercise, to different diets, to the administration of pharmaceuticals and to various concentrations of O2 and CO2 in the gas supplied to the sample chamber.  Gas mixtures can be supplied via 2 large gas bags (supplied with the system) or, for longer term experiments like hibernation studies, from a compressed gas source.

Other potential applications for this package include measurements of metabolism from aquatic suspensions.  For example, measurement of yeast fermentation in which air or N2 gas is bubbled through a yeast suspension and the outflow gas is analyzed using the Q-S102 O2 Analyzer and Q-S151 CO2 Analyzer.  Air can also be pumped through a soil chamber or a covered petri dish.  In summary, the Q-Box RP1LP can be used to measure the O2 consumption rate and CO2 production rate of virtually any biological system in which these changes in pCO2 and pO2 are in the ranges measured by the analyzers.

The Q-Box RP1LP Low Range Respiration Package Includes:

• Q-P651 Gas Pump (4L/min no load)
• G113 Animal Chamber (1.6x10cm)
• G115 Animal Chamber (3.8x20cm)
• G119 Animal Chamber Accessories Kit
• G122 Large Gas Bags
• Q-G265 Flow Monitor (0-2L/min)
• Q-S102 O2 Analyzer (0-100%)
• S132 Stainless Steel Temperature Probe
• Q-S151 CO2 Analyzer (0-2000ppm) (Includes CO2 and H2O scrubbers)
• C610 two intergrated LabQuest Mini data interfaces
• C901 Logger Pro Software
• C404 Customized Setup Software
• Q-Box Accessory Kit
• Rugged water-proof case housing all analyzers and sensors
• Manual
• individual power supplies for stand alone use of the analyzers and sensors

Optional component:

• A248 Battery Pack and charger (for use in the field)

Sample data with a single caterpillar in an open-flow system:

sample data with a cricket in a closed-flow system:

Q-Box RP1LP software provides calculation templates for VCO2 only with RQ assumptions, and VCO2 and VO2 determinations in an open flow system.

The Q-Box RP1LP Low Range Respiration Package, can easily be adapted to work as Q-Box CO650 Plant CO2 Analysis Package for measurements of photosynthesis, photorespiration and respiration in leaves by purchasing a G112 Flow Through Leaf Chamber, Q-A101 Lab Stand, and the A113 LED Light Source.  For more information on Q-Box RP1LP Low Range Respiration Package please contact Qubit.

Qubit Systems produces the only complete experimental package Q-Box NF1LP for measurement of nitrogen fixation in H2 producing legume symbioses. The unique flow-through H2 sensor (Q-S121) measures the production rate of H2 from N2-fixing tissues, allowing in vivo measurement of nitrogenase activity in real time. Measurement of H2 evolution as a means of determining nitrogenase activity overcomes all the problems of the traditional acetylene reduction assay. The Q-Box NF1LP Nitrogen Fixation Package is perfectly safe, non-invasive and allows changes in nitrogenase activity to be observed as they occur.

The Q-Box NF1LP Nitrogen Fixation Package includes:

• Q-S121 Hydrogen Analyzer (0-2000ppm) includes drying column
• Q-S102 O2 Analyzer 9-100% 
• S132 Temperature Sensor
• Q-G267 Pump & Flow Monitor (1L/min)
• Q-G268 Pump & Flow Monitor (2L/min)
• G122 Large Gas Bags (2)
• G132 Plant Growth Pots (4) with lids, fittings and Qubitac
• G161 Nodule Cuvette
• B201 Soybean seeds with Bradyrhizobium japonicum inoculant
• C610 LabQuest mini (2) data interface system
• C901 Logger Pro Software
• C404 Customized Setup Software
• Rugged water-proof case housing all analyzers and sensors
• Q-Box Accessory kit
• Manual
• A248 Battery pack (Optional)

The Nitrogen Fixation Package contains everything required to conduct numerous investigations into the physiology and biochemistry of N2 fixation in an open-flow gas exchange system.  We even supply legume seeds and inoculum! You supply only the computer. Calibration of analyzers is simple, set-up time is minimal and experiments are easy to perform.

Applications:

• Examine the effects of temperature on nitrogenase activity
• Examine the oxygen regulation of N2 fixation
• Measure the nitrogenase electron allocation coefficient
• Examine the relationship between N2 fixation and photosynthate supply
• Determine the effect of N2 fixation inhibition by fertilizers

Data from experiment investigating O2-lability of nitrogenase in an intact soybean plant:

Data showing the effect of temperature on nitrogenase activity:

The Q-Box RP2LP- High Range Respiration Package can be used to study CO2 and O2 exchange in mammals,  and other animals with higher metabolic rates. 

Cost and animal welfare concerns are two of the greatest impediments to teaching animal physiology effectively. To address these concerns, Qubit Systems has developed inexpensive but extremely accurate sensors and equipment for non-invasive, real-time monitoring of animal gas exchange. Qubit Systems’ gas exchange technology is inexpensive enough for your teaching laboratory, yet it has the sensitivity and accuracy required for many research applications.  Now this package comes in a rugged weather proof case as other Q-Box packages and with the addition of the A248 Battery Pack and Charger it can be used in the field.

The Q-Box RP2LP High Ranges Respiration Package includes:

• Q-P651 Gas Pump (4LPM no load)
• Q-G265 Flow Monitor (2LPM)
• Q-S102 Oxygen Analyzer (0-100%)
• Q-S153 CO2 Analyzer (0-10%) (Includes CO2 and H2O scrubbers)
• G114 Animal Chamber (8.5×20 cm )
• G119 Animal Chamber Accessories Kit
• G122 Large Gas Bags
• S132 Temperature Probe
• G127 T-Piece Assembly
• F250 Flow Meter
• C610 LabQuest Minis data acquisition system (6 channels)
• C901 Logger Pro Software
• C404 Customized Setup Software
• weather proof case houses all of the sensors and analyzers
• Q-Box Accessory kit
• Manual
• A248 Battery Pack and Charger (Optional)

The Q-Box RP2LP Package provides you with all of the materials required to measure the respiration of small animals using an open-flow gas exchange system. The percentage of CO2 and O2 in the air that will be supplied to the animal chamber or flask is determined using the infrared CO2 gas analyzer (Q-S153) and the O2 Analyzer (Q-S102). The air supply is then pumped at a known flow rate through the chamber containing the animal. The percentage of CO2 and O2 in the outflow air is determined .  The software provides calculation page for respiration rate deterinations from the percentage change in O2 and CO2 and the flow rate.

sample data with a hamster:

The Q-Box RP2LP High Range Respiration Package can also be used to investigate metabolic responses of organisms to exercise, to different diets, to the administration of pharmaceuticals or to various concentrations of O2 and CO2 in the air supplied to the chamber or flask. (Gas mixtures can be supplied via a gas bag or, for longer term experiments like hibernation studies, from a tank via a regulator.)

Q-Box RP2LP software provides calculation templates for VCO2 only with RQ assumptions, and VCO2 and VO2 determinations in an open flow system.

If you have the Q-Box RP2LP High Range Respiration Package, you can assemble a complete Q-Box HR1LP Human Respirometry Package by purchasing the Breath Collection Valve Assembly, Spirometer, Face Mask and the Wireless Exercise Heart Rate Monitor.

The OX1LP-50mL Dissolved Oxygen Package includes:

• G107 Dissolved Oxygen Cuvette Electrode (50 mL)
• A231 Cuvette Electrode Amplifier
• A255 Magnetic Stirrer
• A135 Stir Bar (2) and O-Ring (2)
• A131 KCl Filling Solution
• A136 Membrane Material and Filter Paper
• 10 ft Excelon Tubing for the Water Jacket
• C410 LabPro Interface
• C901 Logger Pro Software
• C404 Customized Setup Software
• Instructor’s and Student’s Manuals

The OX1LP-50mL Dissolved Oxygen Package has features included in no other polarographic O2 monitoring system. The O2 electrode within the water-jacketed cuvette may be used for measurements of O2 consumption (or production) by biological samples or enzymatic reactions. Calibration is a simple 2-point process, and all the requirements for calibration are supplied as part of the package.

For many O2 electrodes, changing the membrane is a tedious and awkward process. Not so with Qubit Systems’s O2 electrode. The membrane is located under the cuvette, which screws onto the base plate, and requires only a few seconds to change. All materials for replacing the membrane (filter paper and membrane material) are included in the Dissolved Oxygen Package.

Using C901 Logger Pro software, the O2 electrode may be calibrated in units of mg O2/L, % dissolved O2, ppm, or whatever units are appropriate for your study. The Dissolved Oxygen Package provides excellent accuracy and a resolution of 0.1% O2 (where air saturated water = 100%). Dissolved O2 values may be expressed in any desired units (mg/L; % dissolved O2; ppm etc) based on a simple calibration procedure. The water jacket allows calibrations and experiments to be carried out at the same temperature, or a simple temperature correction can be made in software for measurements made at different temperatures.

Applications

The Dissolved Oxygen Package may be used for any application that involves measurement of O2 in aqueous solutions. It can be used in the laboratory for measurement of O2 concentrations from samples taken from rivers and lakes, or to measure O2 consumption (or production) by living organisms. The Dissolved O2 Package is a perfect complement to Qubit Systems’ Respiration, Plant CO2 Analysis and Photosynthesis Packages. While these packages are designed to measure the exchange of respiratory and photosynthetic gases in the gas phase, the O2 electrode allows similar measurements to be made on aquatic organisms, and also on isolated organelles, such as mitochondria and chloroplasts.

Experiments Include:

• Measurement of Aquatic Photosynthetic O2 Evolution
• Effect of Inhibitors on Mitochondrial Electron Transport
• Analysis of Light-dependent Chloroplast Electron Transport
• Effects of Temperature on O2 Uptake by Aquatic Animals
• Kinetics of O2-consuming Enzymes

Optional Components:

• Syringes for addition of metabolites to cuvette; (A141) 10µL, (A143) 50µL, (A145) 100µL
• S172 Thermistor to measure cuvette sample temperature
• A111 Variable halogen light source
• S141 Light sensor

Experimental data showing the oxygen consumption rate of Glucose Oxidase using the OX1LP Dissolved Oxygen Package:

Other OX1LP Packages:

• OX1LP-1ml
• OX1LP-4ml
• OX1LP-6ml
• OX1LP-30ml

References:

• Iris Bauer and Andreas Kappler. Rates and Extent of Reduction of Fe(III) Compounds and O₂ by Humic Substances. Environ. Sci. Technol. Vol 43, Number 13, p4902–4908 ( 2009).

• Carrie M. Mosher, Matthew A. Hummel, Timothy S. Tracy and Allan E.  Rettie. Functional Analysis of Phenylalanine Residues in the Active Site of Cytochrome P450 2C9. Biochemistry Vol 47, Number 45, p11725–11734 (2008).

• Bryce A. Mendelsohn, Bethany L. Kassebaum and Jonathan D. Gitlin. The zebrafish embryo as a dynamic model of anoxia tolerance.  Developmental Dynamics Vol 237, Issue 7, p1780–1788 (2008).

• Bryce A. Mendelsohn and Jonathan D. Gitlin. Coordination of development and metabolism in the pre-midblastula transition zebrafish embryo.  Developmental Dynamics Vol 237, Issue 7, p1789–1798 (2008).

• Johnson EA, Rosenberg J, McCarty RE.  Expression by Chlamydomonas reinhardtii of a chloroplast ATP synthease with polyhistidine-tagged beta subunits.  Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1767:374-380 (2007)

• Johnson E A. Altered expression of the chloroplasts ATP synthase through site-directed mutagenesis in Chlamydamonas Reinhardtii.  Photosynth Res vol 96:153-162 (2008)

• Charles W. Locuson, Peter M. Gannett and Timothy S. Tracy. Heteroactivator effects on the coupling and spin state equilibrium of CYP2C9. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics Vol 449, Issues 1-2, p115-129 (2006).

The OX1LP-30mL Dissolved Oxygen Package includes:

• G109 Dissolved Oxygen Cuvette Electrode (30 mL)
• A231 Cuvette Electrode Amplifier
• A255 Magnetic Stirrer
• A135 Stir Bar (2) and O-Ring (2)
• A131 KCl Filling Solution
• A136 Membrane Material and Filter Paper
• 10 ft Excelon Tubing for the Water Jacket
• C410 LabPro Interface
• C901 Logger Pro Software
• C404 Customized Setup Software
• Instructor’s and Student’s Manuals

The OX1LP-30mL Dissolved Oxygen Package has features included in no other polarographic O2 monitoring system. The O2 electrode within the water-jacketed cuvette may be used for measurements of O2 consumption (or production) by biological samples or enzymatic reactions. Calibration is a simple 2-point process, and all the requirements for calibration are supplied as part of the package.

For many O2 electrodes, changing the membrane is a tedious and awkward process. Not so with Qubit Systems’s O2 electrode. The membrane is located under the cuvette, which screws onto the base plate, and requires only a few seconds to change. All materials for replacing the membrane (filter paper and membrane material) are included in the Dissolved Oxygen Package.

Using C901 Logger Pro software, the O2 electrode may be calibrated in units of mg O2/L, % dissolved O2, ppm, or whatever units are appropriate for your study. The Dissolved Oxygen Package provides excellent accuracy and a resolution of 0.1% O2 (where air saturated water = 100%). Dissolved O2 values may be expressed in any desired units (mg/L; % dissolved O2; ppm etc) based on a simple calibration procedure. The water jacket allows calibrations and experiments to be carried out at the same temperature, or a simple temperature correction can be made in software for measurements made at different temperatures.

Applications

The Dissolved Oxygen Package may be used for any application that involves measurement of O2 in aqueous solutions. It can be used in the laboratory for measurement of O2 concentrations from samples taken from rivers and lakes, or to measure O2 consumption (or production) by living organisms. The Dissolved O2 Package is a perfect complement to Qubit Systems’ Respiration, Plant CO2 Analysis and Photosynthesis Packages. While these packages are designed to measure the exchange of respiratory and photosynthetic gases in the gas phase, the O2 electrode allows similar measurements to be made on aquatic organisms, and also on isolated organelles, such as mitochondria and chloroplasts.

Experiments Include:

• Measurement of Aquatic Photosynthetic O2 Evolution
• Effect of Inhibitors on Mitochondrial Electron Transport
• Analysis of Light-dependent Chloroplast Electron Transport
• Effects of Temperature on O2 Uptake by Aquatic Animals
• Kinetics of O2-consuming Enzymes

Optional Components:

• Syringes for addition of metabolites to the cuvette; (A141) 10µL, (A143) 50µL, A145) 100µL
• S172 Thermistor (sample temperature)
• A111 Variable halogen light source
• S141 Light sensor

Experimental data showing the oxygen consumption rate of Glucose Oxidase using the OX1LP Dissolved Oxygen Package:

Other OX1LP Packages:

• OX1LP-1ml
• OX1LP-4ml
• OX1LP-6ml
• OX1LP-50ml

References:

• Iris Bauer and Andreas Kappler. Rates and Extent of Reduction of Fe(III) Compounds and O₂ by Humic Substances. Environ. Sci. Technol. Vol 43, Number 13, p4902–4908 ( 2009).

• Carrie M. Mosher, Matthew A. Hummel, Timothy S. Tracy and Allan E.  Rettie. Functional Analysis of Phenylalanine Residues in the Active Site of Cytochrome P450 2C9. Biochemistry Vol 47, Number 45, p11725–11734 (2008).

• Bryce A. Mendelsohn, Bethany L. Kassebaum and Jonathan D. Gitlin. The zebrafish embryo as a dynamic model of anoxia tolerance.  Developmental Dynamics Vol 237, Issue 7, p1780–1788 (2008).

• Bryce A. Mendelsohn and Jonathan D. Gitlin. Coordination of development and metabolism in the pre-midblastula transition zebrafish embryo.  Developmental Dynamics Vol 237, Issue 7, p1789–1798 (2008).

• Johnson EA, Rosenberg J, McCarty RE.  Expression by Chlamydomonas reinhardtii of a chloroplast ATP synthease with polyhistidine-tagged beta subunits.  Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1767:374-380 (2007)

• Johnson E A. Altered expression of the chloroplasts ATP synthase through site-directed mutagenesis in Chlamydamonas Reinhardtii.  Photosynth Res vol 96:153-162 (2008)

• Charles W. Locuson, Peter M. Gannett and Timothy S. Tracy. Heteroactivator effects on the coupling and spin state equilibrium of CYP2C9. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics Vol 449, Issues 1-2, p115-129 (2006).

The OX1LP-6mL Dissolved Oxygen Package includes:

• G106 Dissolved Oxygen GLASS Cuvette Electrode (6 mL)
• A231 Cuvette Electrode Amplifier
• A255 Magnetic Stirrer
• A135 Stir Bar (2) and O-Ring (2)
• A131 KCl Filling Solution
• A136 Membrane Material and Filter Paper
• 10 ft Excelon Tubing for the Water Jacket
• C410 LabPro Interface
• C901 Logger Pro Software
• C404 Customized Setup Software
• Instructor’s and Student’s Manuals

The OX1LP-6mL Dissolved Oxygen Package has features included in no other polarographic O2 monitoring system. The O2 electrode within the water-jacketed cuvette may be used for measurements of O2 consumption (or production) by biological samples or enzymatic reactions. Calibration is a simple 2-point process, and all the requirements for calibration are supplied as part of the package.

For many O2 electrodes, changing the membrane is a tedious and awkward process. Not so with Qubit Systems’  O2 electrode. The membrane is located under the cuvette, which screws onto the base plate, and requires only a few seconds to change. All materials for replacing the membrane (filter paper and membrane material) are included in the Dissolved Oxygen Package.

Using C901 Logger Pro software, the O2 electrode may be calibrated in units of mg O2/L, % dissolved O2, ppm, or whatever units are appropriate for your study. The Dissolved Oxygen Package provides excellent accuracy and a resolution of 0.1% O2 (where air saturated water = 100%). Dissolved O2 values may be expressed in any desired units (mg/L; % dissolved O2; ppm etc) based on a simple calibration procedure. The water jacket allows calibrations and experiments to be carried out at the same temperature, or a simple temperature correction can be made in software for measurements made at different temperatures.

Applications

The Dissolved Oxygen Package may be used for any application that involves measurement of O2 in aqueous solutions. It can be used in the laboratory for measurement of O2 concentrations from samples taken from rivers and lakes, or to measure O2 consumption (or production) by living organisms. The Dissolved O2 Package is a perfect complement to Qubit Systems’ Respiration, Plant CO2 Analysis and Photosynthesis Packages. While these packages are designed to measure the exchange of respiratory and photosynthetic gases in the gas phase, the O2 electrode allows similar measurements to be made on aquatic organisms, and also on isolated organelles, such as mitochondria and chloroplasts.

Experiments Include:

• Measurement of Aquatic Photosynthetic O2 Evolution
• Effect of Inhibitors on Mitochondrial Electron Transport
• Analysis of Light-dependent Chloroplast Electron Transport
• Effects of Temperature on O2 Uptake by Aquatic Animals
• Kinetics of O2-consuming Enzymes

Optional Components:

• Syringes for addition of metabolites to cuvette; (A141) 10µL, (A143) 50µL, A145) 100µL
• S172 Thermistor (sample temperature)
• A111 Variable halogen light source
• S141 Light sensor

Experimental data showing the oxygen consumption rate of Glucose Oxidase using the OX1LP Dissolved Oxygen Package:

Other OX1LP Packages:

• OX1LP-1ml
• OX1LP-4ml
• OX1LP-30ml
• OX1LP-50ml

References:

• Iris Bauer and Andreas Kappler. Rates and Extent of Reduction of Fe(III) Compounds and O₂ by Humic Substances. Environ. Sci. Technol. Vol 43, Number 13, p4902–4908 ( 2009).

• Carrie M. Mosher, Matthew A. Hummel, Timothy S. Tracy and Allan E.  Rettie. Functional Analysis of Phenylalanine Residues in the Active Site of Cytochrome P450 2C9. Biochemistry Vol 47, Number 45, p11725–11734 (2008).

• Bryce A. Mendelsohn, Bethany L. Kassebaum and Jonathan D. Gitlin. The zebrafish embryo as a dynamic model of anoxia tolerance.  Developmental Dynamics Vol 237, Issue 7, p1780–1788 (2008).

• Bryce A. Mendelsohn and Jonathan D. Gitlin. Coordination of development and metabolism in the pre-midblastula transition zebrafish embryo.  Developmental Dynamics Vol 237, Issue 7, p1789–1798 (2008).

• Johnson EA, Rosenberg J, McCarty RE.  Expression by Chlamydomonas reinhardtii of a chloroplast ATP synthease with polyhistidine-tagged beta subunits.  Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1767:374-380 (2007)

• Johnson E A. Altered expression of the chloroplasts ATP synthase through site-directed mutagenesis in Chlamydamonas Reinhardtii.  Photosynth Res vol 96:153-162 (2008)

• Charles W. Locuson, Peter M. Gannett and Timothy S. Tracy. Heteroactivator effects on the coupling and spin state equilibrium of CYP2C9. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics Vol 449, Issues 1-2, p115-129 (2006).

The OX1LP-4mL Dissolved Oxygen Package includes:

• G110 Dissolved Oxygen Cuvette Electrode (4 mL)
• A231 Cuvette Electrode Amplifier
• A255 Magnetic Stirrer
• A135 Stir Bar (2) and O-Ring (2)
• A131 KCl Filling Solution
• A136 Membrane Material and Filter Paper
• 10 ft Excelon Tubing for the Water Jacket
• C410 LabPro Interface
• C901 Logger Pro Software
• C404 Customized Setup Software
• Instructor’s and Student’s Manuals

The OX1LP-4mL Dissolved Oxygen Package has features included in no other polarographic O2 monitoring system. The O2 electrode within the water-jacketed cuvette may be used for measurements of O2 consumption (or production) by biological samples or enzymatic reactions. Calibration is a simple 2-point process, and all the requirements for calibration are supplied as part of the package.

For many O2 electrodes, changing the membrane is a tedious and awkward process. Not so with Qubit Systems’ O2 electrode. The membrane is located under the cuvette, which screws onto the base plate, and requires only a few seconds to change. All materials for replacing the membrane (filter paper and membrane material) are included in the Dissolved Oxygen Package.

Using C901 Logger Pro software, the O2 electrode may be calibrated in units of mg O2/L, % dissolved O2, ppm, or whatever units are appropriate for your study. The Dissolved Oxygen Package provides excellent accuracy and a resolution of 0.1% O2 (where air saturated water = 100%). Dissolved O2 values may be expressed in any desired units (mg/L; % dissolved O2; ppm etc) based on a simple calibration procedure. The water jacket allows calibrations and experiments to be carried out at the same temperature, or a simple temperature correction can be made in software for measurements made at different temperatures.

Applications

The Dissolved O2 Package may be used for any application that involves measurement of O2 in aqueous solutions. It can be used in the laboratory for measurement of O2 concentrations from samples taken from rivers and lakes, or to measure O2 consumption (or production) by living organisms. The Dissolved O2 Package is a perfect complement to Qubit Systems’ Respiration, Plant CO2 Analysis and Photosynthesis Packagess. While these packages are designed to measure the exchange of respiratory and photosynthetic gases in the gas phase, the O2 electrode allows similar measurements to be made on aquatic organisms, and also on isolated organelles, such as mitochondria and chloroplasts.

Experiments Include:

• Measurement of Aquatic Photosynthetic O2 Evolution
• Effect of Inhibitors on Mitochondrial Electron Transport
• Analysis of Light-dependent Chloroplast Electron Transport
• Effects of Temperature on O2 Uptake by Aquatic Animals
• Kinetics of O2-consuming Enzymes

Optional Components:

• Syringes for addition of metabolites to cuvette; (A141) 10µL, (A143) 50µL, (A145) 100µL
• S172 Thermistor for measurements of sample temperature
• A111 Variable halogen light source
• S141 Light sensor

Experimental data showing the oxygen consumption rate of Glucose Oxidase using the OX1LP Dissolved Oxygen Package:

Other OX1LP Packages:

• OX1LP-1ml
• OX1LP-30ml
• OX1LP-6ml
• OX1LP-50ml

References:

• Iris Bauer and Andreas Kappler. Rates and Extent of Reduction of Fe(III) Compounds and O₂ by Humic Substances. Environ. Sci. Technol. Vol 43, Number 13, p4902–4908 ( 2009).

• Carrie M. Mosher, Matthew A. Hummel, Timothy S. Tracy and Allan E.  Rettie. Functional Analysis of Phenylalanine Residues in the Active Site of Cytochrome P450 2C9. Biochemistry Vol 47, Number 45, p11725–11734 (2008).

• Bryce A. Mendelsohn, Bethany L. Kassebaum and Jonathan D. Gitlin. The zebrafish embryo as a dynamic model of anoxia tolerance.  Developmental Dynamics Vol 237, Issue 7, p1780–1788 (2008).

• Bryce A. Mendelsohn and Jonathan D. Gitlin. Coordination of development and metabolism in the pre-midblastula transition zebrafish embryo.  Developmental Dynamics Vol 237, Issue 7, p1789–1798 (2008).

• Johnson EA, Rosenberg J, McCarty RE.  Expression by Chlamydomonas reinhardtii of a chloroplast ATP synthease with polyhistidine-tagged beta subunits.  Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1767:374-380 (2007)

• Johnson E A. Altered expression of the chloroplasts ATP synthase through site-directed mutagenesis in Chlamydamonas Reinhardtii.  Photosynth Res vol 96:153-162 (2008)

• Charles W. Locuson, Peter M. Gannett and Timothy S. Tracy. Heteroactivator effects on the coupling and spin state equilibrium of CYP2C9. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics Vol 449, Issues 1-2, p115-129 (2006).